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Epilepsy is the term to describe when someone has a tendency to have unprovoked convulsions, which are also known as seizures. Treatment is the same for most types of epilepsy. When someone has a seizure, it can be a very frightening thing for the first aider to deal with. Taylor, are you all right? Are you okay, Taylor? Okay, just stay back quite a bit, Lucy, just in case his limbs kick out. He has epilepsy, but it's fine, we can look after him. Okay, don't come too close, because he might kick out. You're all right, Taylor, you're in good hands. We've got you. It's okay, Taylor, we're here. You're all right. What's happening? Okay. Where am I? You've had a seizure, but that's fine. We're here, me and Lucy are here by your side. Okay. If you're present when someone has a seizure, you need to get involved and actually help them. First, protect the person from injury by removing harmful objects from nearby. Cushion their head. Note the time the seizure started and finished. Okay, I'm going to place you in the... Look for an epilepsy identification card or epilepsy jewellery. Aid breathing by gently placing in the recovery position once the seizure is finished. Keep calm and keep calmly reassuring the patient. Stay with the person until recovery is complete. Don't restrain or move the person. Do not put anything in the person's mouth. Try not to move the person unless they're in danger and do not give the person anything to eat and drink until they're fully recovered. Lucy, can you grab you some blankets? I think we've got a couple in our car. We'll just keep him warm. With all types of epilepsy, you must keep checking that the patient is breathing and that they have a pulse. During the seizure, they may stop breathing for a short while, but this will return. The rules for calling an ambulance are: If you know the person is having a seizure for the first time; if the seizure continues for more than five minutes; if one tonic-clonic seizure follows another without the person regaining consciousness between seizures; the person is injured during the seizure; finally, if you believe the person needs urgent medical attention. It is rare, but if they do stop breathing, you'll need to activate the EMS and start CPR.
Epilepsy and Seizure First Aid
Understanding Epilepsy
Epilepsy is a condition characterised by a propensity for recurrent, unprovoked convulsions, commonly referred to as seizures. Treatment approaches are generally consistent across most types of epilepsy.
Dealing with Seizures
Witnessing a seizure can be distressing, but as a first aider, your assistance is crucial. Follow these important steps:
- Protect: Safeguard the individual from harm by clearing the vicinity of dangerous objects.
- Cushion: Provide head support to prevent head injury.
- Time: Take note of the seizure's start and end times.
- Identification: Check for epilepsy identity cards or jewellery.
- Recovery Position: After the seizure, gently place them in the recovery position to aid breathing.
- Reassure: Offer calm reassurance throughout the process.
- Stay: Remain with the person until they fully recover.
- No Restraint: Avoid restraining or moving the person.
- Avoid Mouth Contact: Do not insert anything into the person's mouth.
- Minimize Movement: Only move them if there's imminent danger.
- No Food or Drink: Refrain from giving them food or drink until they are fully recovered.
- Avoid Waking: Do not attempt to rouse them.
Monitoring and When to Call an Ambulance
For all epilepsy types, continue monitoring the patient's breathing and pulse. Call for an ambulance under the following circumstances:
- First Seizure: It's their initial seizure.
- Long Duration: The seizure lasts longer than five minutes.
- Consecutive Seizures: Tonic-clonic seizures occur successively without consciousness recovery.
- Injury: The person sustains an injury during the seizure.
- Perceived Urgency: You believe immediate medical attention is necessary.
In the rare event that the person stops breathing, activate Emergency Medical Services (EMS) and initiate CPR.